b. ? 1804 and d. November 21, 1877

American inventor and manufacturer of stoves and furnaces. Among his inventions are conical radiators, applied to stoves, 1854, a cooking-range with two ovens placed above the fire and arranged so that either may be used (1858) and an office stove surmounted with a broad disk, which radiates heat toward the floor (1865).

 Lo! where the chimney’s sootry tribe ascends,
 The fair Trochaid from the corner bends,
 Her coal-black eyes upturn’d incessant mark
 The eddying smoke, quick flame, and volant spark;
 Mark with swift ken where flashing in between,
 Her much-lov’d smoke-jack glimmers thro, the scene;
 Mark how his various parts together tend,
 Point to one purpose, in one object end.

 1200—Chimneys were first introduced in England, but were confined to kitchen and large hall.

 1200—Fire grates first used. The hearths of the early Britons were fixed in the centre of their halls. The fire-place originally was perhaps a large stone depressed below the level of the ground to receive the ashes. Chafing dishes were in use until the introduction of chimneys.

 1325—Stoves were first used.

 1444—Smoke-jacks were in use, and in 1571 Bartolomeo Scappi, cook to Pope Pius V., described them in his cook-book.

 1747—Col. William Cook’s method of heating by steam pipes was described in the Gentleman’s Magazine, p. 171.

b. March 7, 1837 and d. November 20, 1882

American physicist. He made a specialty of celestial photography. His most celebrated photograph is that of the moon, and it probably gives the best representation of its surface thus made. In 1873 the finest photograph of the diffraction spectrum ever made was taken by him. Some experiments led him to assume the presence of oxygen in the sun, and in July, 1877, he announced “The Discovery of Oxygen in the Sun by Photographyy and a New Theory of the Solar Spectrum.” This investigation culminated in perhaps the most original discovery ever made in physical science by an American.

 Tell me, ye splendid orbs! as from your throne
 Ye mark the rolling provinces that own
 Your sway, what beings fill those bright abodes?
 How formed, how gifted? What their powers, their state,
 Their happiness, their wisdom? Do they bear
 The stamp of human nature? Or has God
 Peopled those purer realms with lovelier forms
 And more celestial minds? Does Innocence
 Still wear her native and untainted bloom?
 Speak, speak! the mysteries of those living worlds
 Unfold! No language? Everlasting light
 And everlasting silence? Yet the eye
 May read and understand. The hand of God
 Has written legibly what man may know,
 The Glory of the Maker. —Address to the Heavenly Bodies: Henry Ware, Jr.

Henry Ware, Jr.

b. ? 1675 and d. November 20, 1751

English mathematician and watchmaker. Gave to various movements for measuring time a degree of perfection which had never before been attained, and also invented several astronomical instruments; he effected great improvements in those which had been in use before. He composed the whole known planetary system within the compass of a small cabinet, from which, as a model, all modern orreries have been constructed. He constructed the most complete planetarium known at the time. He invented the ingenious mercurial pendulum and the “dead-beat escapement.”

 Well has His work the mighty Maker made
 In mechanism wonderful in man,
 And all the parts by many members played
 So harmonized into a common plan,
 So blended soul and body into one,
 That all the healthful frame with soul imbued,
 Glorying in existence, its brief span
 A full condensed millennium of good,
 Bounds with exultant joy-impulsive gratitude.

 —Alwyn: James C. Maffatt

 1639, November 24—The first transit of Venus over the face of the sun was observed by the Rev. Jeremiah Horrox, or Horrocks, and his friend, William Grabtree, as predicted by Horrox in 1633.
 
 1670—The orrery was invented.