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b. January 19, 1736 and d. August 25, 1819

English inventor and mechanic; also a civil engineer. From a skillful workman he became an engineer of the first order; he invented a plan for completely condensing the vapor in Newcomen’s atmospheric engine without cooling the cylinder. This was effected by means of a condenser detached from the cylinder; he then added a pump, put in motion by the engine itself. In 1764 he succeeded in the completion of the true steam-engine.

Steam was, till the other day, the devil which we
dreaded. . . . . But the Marquis of Worcester, Watt,
and Fulton, bethought themselves, that where was power,
was not devil, but was God; that it must be availed of,
and not by any means let off and wasted. Could he lift
pots and roofs and houses so handily? he was the workman
they were in search of. He could be used to lift away,
chain, and compel other devils, far more reluctant and
dangerous, namely, cubic miles or earth, mountains,
weight or resistance of water, machinery, and the
labors of all men in the world; and time he shall
lengthen, and shorten space.

—Fate: Emerson

1690—Denys Papin employed in his experiments every principle of the low-pressure engine, using the cylinder and piston, but no boiler; having generated the steam in the cylinder itself.

1774—The Birmingham steam-engine works were established.

1782—Watt patented the working of steam expansively.

b. August 24, 1847 and d. ?

Harvard L. S. S., 1866-67

American architect. The head of the firm of McKim, Mead and White, professional architects. Among their best productions are the cottages erected at Newport and other summer resorts. Among their city residences are the Tiffany house on Madison avenue, the Villard block of houses on Madison avenue, and the Madison Square Garden in The City of New York. They also built St. Paul’s Church in Stockbridge, Mass., and St. Peter’s in Morristown, N. J., and the Boston Public Library, and many other beautiful structures.

Build deep, and high, and broad, young man,
As the needful case demands;
Let your title-deeds be clear and bright,
Till you enter your claim to the Lord of Light,
For the “House not made with hands.”

—A Very Old Man: John Taylor

1174—The campanile of Pisa was begun; it leans 13 feet 3 inches.

1354—The Doge’s Palace in Venice was begun (the present building).

1589—The Bridge of Sighs at Venice was built.